The production of p-cresol sulfate and indoxyl sulfate in vegetarians versus omnivores
KP Patel, FJG Luo, NS Plummer… - Clinical journal of the …, 2012 - journals.lww.com
Results Average PCS excretion was 62% lower (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 15–83)
and average IS excretion was 58% lower (95% CI, 39–71) in vegetarians than in participants
consuming an unrestricted diet. Food records revealed that lower excretion of PCS and IS in
vegetarians was associated with a 69% higher (95% CI, 20–139) fiber intake and a 25%
lower (95% CI, 3–42) protein intake. PCS and IS excretion rates varied widely among
individual participants and were not closely correlated with each other but tended to remain …
and average IS excretion was 58% lower (95% CI, 39–71) in vegetarians than in participants
consuming an unrestricted diet. Food records revealed that lower excretion of PCS and IS in
vegetarians was associated with a 69% higher (95% CI, 20–139) fiber intake and a 25%
lower (95% CI, 3–42) protein intake. PCS and IS excretion rates varied widely among
individual participants and were not closely correlated with each other but tended to remain …